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Here's a list of 45 Non-Flammable BESS Projects In The USA
(In operation or commissioned)
When Reading This List, Compare MWh to Lithium-ion
LIST OF 45 NON-FLAMMABLE BESS PROJECTS IN THE USA
(In Operation or Planned)
When comparing to lithium-ion use MWh
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) Systems Operating:
1. Snohomish County PUD MESA 2 Project, Power: 2 MW Energy: 8 MWh
Location: Everett, Washington
Developer: UniEnergy Technologies (now part of Invinity Energy Systems)
Source: https://www.sandia.gov/ess-ssl/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/PNNL_mjp_MESA-2-Test-Report_Final.pdf
2. San Miguel Substation
Power: 2 MW
Energy: 8 MWh
Location: San Diego, California
Developer: Sumitomo Electric
Note: A demonstration project for Southern California Edison (SCE).
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium_redox_battery
3. Applied Medical Microgrid
Power: 0.75 MW
Energy: 3 MWh
Location: Santa Margarita, California
Developer: CellCube
Note: Part of a resilient microgrid system for a medical device company, providing energy shifting and backup power.
Source : https://www.cellcube.com/case-studies/medical-equipment-resilient-microgrid-in-california-us/
4. Snapping Shoals EMC VRFB System
Power / Energy: Not specified, but described as the "first vanadium redox flow battery system" in the state.
Location: Georgia, USA
Developer: Stryten Energy
Note: Installed for Snapping Shoals Electric Membership Corporation (EMC) in August 2023. This is a newly commissioned, utility-provider system.
Source: https://www.stryten.com/georgias-first-vanadium-redox-flow-battery-system/
5. Manufacturing Facility Microgrid
Power / Energy: 8 MWh (exact power capacity not specified, often around 2 MW)
Location: Illinois, USA
Developer: CellCube
Note: This is a resilient microgrid system utilizing vanadium electrolyte supplied by US Vanadium.
Source: https://www.cellcube.com/case-studies/electric-power-equipment-resilient-microgrid-in-illinois-us/
6. International Brotherhood Local 58 Headquarters
Power / Energy: 0.88 MWh (cumulative energy)
Location: Michigan, USA
Developer: Invinity Energy Systems
Note: This project involves four Invinity VS3 batteries installed alongside a solar array.
Source: https://invinity.com/solar-flow-battery-ibew-58-detroit/
7.The Viejas Project
Power/Energy: 15 MW solar + 70 MWh storage
Location: Alpine, CA
Source: Link: VIEJAS MICROGRID | Department of Energy
Notable Proposed / Under Development Systems
These larger projects demonstrate the future direction of utility-scale VRFB deployment in the US:
8. Bellville Vanadium Flow Battery Project
Power: 9.6 MW
Energy: 48 MWh (5-hour duration)
Location: Bellville, Texas, USA
Developer: TerraFlow Energy (in agreement with Storion Energy)
Note: This is a significant utility-scale project announced for development in 2025.
Source: https://terraflowenergy.com/bellville-5-hour-vanadium-flow-battery-project/
9. PNNL’s Richland Campus
Power: 24hr duration
Energy: 12.6MWh
Location: Washington
Source: PNNL and Invinity launch 24-hour vanadium flow battery project
10. Project Name: Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians Microgrid
Location: Corning, CA, USA
Capacity: 20 MWh
Status/Timeline: Planned/Supply agreement signed (Deliveries 2023-2024, Commissioning Early 2025)
Application: Solar-plus-storage microgrid for tribal community energy security.
Source: Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians Microgrid (20 MWh):
CEC Funding and Project Details: California Energy Commission funds Redflow batteries for 20 MWh microgrid project | Utility Dive
Groundbreaking Announcement: Solar Microgrid Breaks Ground in Northern California Tribal Community (from the Governor's office)
11. Project Name: Valley Children's Hospital
Location: Madera, California, USA
Capacity: 34.4 MWh
Status/Timeline: Planned/Contracted
Application: Behind-the-meter storage paired with solar to ensure critical power supply.
Source: https://www.power-eng.com/energy-storage/long-duration-energy-storage/microgrid-with-long-duration-energy-storage-to-help-power-california-childrens-hospital/
12. Project Name: Barona Band of Mission Indians
Location: California, USA
Capacity: 1.5 MW / 6.6 MWh
Status/Timeline: Planned/Grant funding approved (2024)\
Application: Grid reliability and resilience for the tribal community, funded by the California Energy Commission (CEC).
13. Project Name: Rialto Bioenergy Facility/Microgrid
Location: Southern California, USA
Capacity: 2 MWh
Status/Timeline: Operational (Installed 2022)
Application: Biowaste facility energy management and resiliency.
Source: https://www.octetsci.com/zinc-bromine/redflow-completes-california-installation/
Eos Energy Enterprises (Zinc-Powered Aqueous Electrolyte) Projects
14. Project Name: MN8 Energy Supply Agreement
Location: PJM and other US markets
Capacity: Up to 750 MWh
Status/Timeline: Planned (Supply agreement)
Application: Deployment of long-duration storage systems across MN8's energy portfolio.
Source: MN8 Energy Supply Agreement (Up to 750 MWh) & Talen Energy Collaboration: Official Press Release: MN8 Energy Signs Supply Agreement with Eos Energy to Deploy Up to 750 MWh of American-Made Long Duration Energy Storage Across Renewable Projects
15. Project Name: Talen Energy (Potential Projects)
Location: Pennsylvania, USA (Near Talen plants)
Capacity: Multiple GWh (Potential)
Status/Timeline: Planned (Framework Agreement)
Application: Long-duration storage to support rising electricity demand, potentially fueled by AI/cloud computing.
Source: https://www.energy-storage.news/zinc-battery-storage-startup-eos-to-invest-us353-million-in-manufacturing-and-hq-move-to-pennsylvania/
16. Project Name: US Naval Base, San Diego
Location: San Diego
Capacity: 1MW /8 MWh
Status/Timeline: Operational
Application: Showcasing zinc power in a high-temperature environment.
Source:Home - Eos Energy Enterprises
https://www.eose.com/#:~:text=San%20Diego%2C%20CA-,Data%20updated%3A%20December%205%2C%202022,Temperature%20zone%3A%20Hot
17. Project Name: Multi-use Site
Location: Glendale, Wisconsin, USA
Capacity: 125 kW / 500 kWh
Status/Timeline: Operational (Since 2021)
Application: Multi-use demonstration for utility/grid services.
Source:https://www.eose.com/#:~:text=The%20versatility%20of%20zinc%20on,%2D
Zinc-Bromine Flow Battery Energy Storage Projects
18. Project Name: Modesto Irrigation District (MID) EnergyFarm
Location: Central Valley, California, USA
Capacity: 25 MW / 75 MWh
Status/Timeline: Planned (Contributed to development)
Application: Grid-scale energy storage for wind firming and load balancing, displacing a natural gas plant.
Source:Technical Overview (Stanford/EPRI document): Wind Firming EnergyFarm
19. Project Name: Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Miramar
Location: San Diego, California, USA
Capacity: Not specified
Status/Timeline: Operational (Commissioned 2015)
Application: Microgrid and resilience application for a military base.
Source: https://www.energy.gov/femp/marine-corps-air-station-mcas-miramar
20. Project Name: Microsoft Data Center Testing
Location: Redmond, Washington, USA
Capacity: Not specified
Status/Timeline: Operational (Testing)
Application: Testing for peak shaving and demand charge reduction in a data center environment.
Source: https://blogs.microsoft.com/green/2016/06/16/microsoft-and-primus-power-announce-new-pilot-program-for-datacenter-energy-storage/#:~:text=It%20will%20test%20storage%20technologies,and%20usability%20of%20renewable%20energy.
21.Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base (San Diego County, CA)
Status: Proposed/Planned (Phase 1 operational by mid-2026)
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises (Znyth®)
Capacity (Initial): 6 MW / 48 MWh
Capacity (Planned/Total): 50 MW / 486 MWh
Notes: Long-Duration Energy Storage (LDES) project supported by a California Energy Commission (CEC) grant.
Source: https://www.energy.ca.gov/news/2024-12/cec-awards-42-million-grant-long-duration-energy-storage-project-camp-pendleton
22. Pacific Steel Group Microgrid (Mojave, CA)
Status: Planned (Expected commissioning 2027)
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises (Zinc Hybrid Cathode)
Capacity (Initial): 4 MW / 32 MWh
Capacity (Planned/Total): 4 MW / 32 MWh
Notes: CEC-funded project to support a new zero-carbon rebar steel mill plant's microgrid and solar PV system.
Source: Mojave Micro Mill Is First US Solar-Powered Steel Mill - CleanTechnica
https://cleantechnica.com/2025/04/12/mojave-micro-mill-is-first-us-solar-powered-steel-mill/
23. Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians Microgrid (Alpine, CA)
Status: Under Construction
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises (Zinc Hybrid Cathode)
Capacity (Initial): 50 MWh
Capacity (Planned/Total): 50 MWh (Hybrid System)
Notes: Part of a larger hybrid microgrid system (including 10 MWh of vanadium flow battery) to provide 24/7 clean power to the Viejas Casino and Resort.
Eos Energy Announces Expansion of Existing Project with Indian Energy and the California Energy Commission | Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc.
https://investors.eose.com/news-releases/news-release-details/eos-energy-announces-expansion-existing-project-indian-energy/
24 City Utilities of Springfield (Missouri)
Status: Contract Signed
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises
Capacity (Initial): 36 MW / 216 MWh
Capacity (Planned/Total): 36 MW / 216 MWh
Notes: Contract to provide zinc-based energy storage for two project sites to support resiliency.
Source: Eos Energy Signs Agreement with City Utilities of Springfield, Missouri to Provide 216 MWh of Energy Storage | Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc.
https://investors.eose.com/news-releases/news-release-details/eos-energy-signs-agreement-city-utilities-springfield-missouri/
25. Verdant Microgrid Installations (California)
Status: Deployment started Q4 2020
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises (Znyth®)
Capacity (Initial): N/A
Capacity (Planned/Total): N/A
Notes: Agreement to supply zinc batteries for microgrid installations.
Source:https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1805077/000121390020034964/ea129336ex99-1_brileyprin2.htm
26. Hecate Energy Projects (Colorado, New Mexico, Texas)
Status: Agreement/Deployment
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises
Capacity (Initial): >1 GWh
Capacity (Planned/Total): Potentially 1.5 GWh+
Notes Agreement for deployment of over 1 GWh of projects across multiple states, with a first project announced in Texas to support grid resiliency.
Source: Eos Energy Storage and Global Renewable Developer Hecate Energy to Deliver Over 1 GWh of Energy Storage Projects Across the United States Over the Next Two Years - Eos Energy Enterprises
https://www.eose.com/eos-energy-storage-and-global-renewable-developer-hecate-energy-to-deliver-over-1-gwh-of-energy-storage-projects-across-the-united-states-over-the-next-two-years/
27. EnerSmart LDES Projects (California)
Status: Contract Signed
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises
Capacity (Initial): 9 MWh (First Order)
Capacity (Planned/Total): 90 MWh to 180 MWh
Notes: Contract to provide zinc battery systems for LDES projects over two years.
Source: Eos Energy Secures $20 million order—the Largest in Company History—to Supply Long Duration Storage to California Power Grid - Eos Energy Enterprises
https://www.eose.com/eos-energy-secures-20-million-order-the-largest-in-company-history-to-supply-long-duration-storage-to-california-power-grid/
28. Utility Demonstration Project (California)
Status: Operational (End of 2021)
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises (Gen 2.3)
Capacity (Initial): 125 kW / 500 kWh
Capacity (Planned/Total): 125 kW / 500 kWh
Notes: A commercial application demonstration project funded by the CEC to showcase non-flammable, aqueous-zinc
Source: Eos Energy Storage: Utility Demonstration of Non-Flammable, Aqueous-Zinc Battery Storage | California Energy Commission
https://www.energy.ca.gov/publications/2023/eos-energy-storage-utility-demonstration-non-flammable-aqueous-zinc-battery
Iron-Air Batteries
(still in commission stage most operational 2025-26)
These links provide further information on the utility partnerships and the specifications of the multi-day storage systems.
29. Pacific gas and Electric Substation (CEC project)
Location: Mendocino County, CA
Status: to be commissioned end of 2025
Capacity: 5MW/ 500MWh
Source: https://www.utilitydive.com/news/form-energy-30m-grant-california-largest-long-duration-energy-storage/702765/
30. Multi-Day Storage
Location: Lincoln, Maine
Status: Commissioning
Capacity: 85 MW / 8,500 MWh Project (Lincoln, Maine, USA)
Source: Governor Mills, Senators Collins & King, and Congresswoman Pingree Announce Nearly $150 Million Federal Grant to Develop World's Largest Multi-Day Energy Storage Facility in Lincoln, Maine
31. Great River Energy Pilot
Location: Cambridge, Minnesota, USA
Capacity: 1.5 MW/150 MWh
Source: Great River Energy and Form Energy break ground on first-of-its-kind multi-day energy storage project
32. Xcel Energy
Location: Sherco, MN
Capacity: 10 MW / 1,000 MWh multi-day storage system
Source: Xcel taps Form Energy for long-duration battery storage systems at two retiring coal plants
33. Xcel Energy
Location: Comanche, CO
Capacity: 10 MW / 1,000 MWh multi-day storage system
Source: Xcel taps Form Energy for long-duration battery storage systems at two retiring coal plants
34. Georgia Power Pilot
Location: Georgia, CA
Capacity: 15 MW/1,500 MWh project
Source: Form Energy, Georgia Power Continue Forward With 15 Megawatt Iron-Air Battery System Agreement
35. Darbytown Power Station with Dominion Energy
Location: Darbytown, Virginia, USA
Notes: Dominion's proposed pilot project will test both Form Energy's iron-air batteries and zinc-hybrid batteries.
Source: Dominion Energy explores pioneering battery storage technologies in Virginia
36. NYSERDA Project
Location: New York, USA
Capacity: This 10 MW/1,000 MWh
Source: Form Energy awarded grant to deploy first multi-day battery system in New York
37. Northern States Power Company
Location: Minnesota, USA
Technology Provider: Northern States Power Company
Capacity: 10 MW / 1000MWhr
Source: https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/OCED%20LDES%20National%20Stakeholder%20Briefing%20Presentation.pdf
38. Northern States Power Company
Location: Colorado, USA
Technology Provider: Northern States Power Company
Capacity: 10 MW / 1000MWhr
Source: https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/OCED%20LDES%20National%20Stakeholder%20Briefing%20Presentation.pdf
Zinc Bromide Batteries
39. Office of Clean Energy Demostration’s Fuzes Project
Location: Oregon, USA
Technology Provider: NextEra Energy Resources
Capacity: Unspecified, 10 hr duration
Source: https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/OCED%20LDES%20National%20Stakeholder%20Briefing%20Presentation.pdf
40. Office of Clean Energy Demostration’s Fuzes Project
Location: Wisconsin, USA
Technology Provider: NextEra Energy Resources
Capacity: Unspecified, 10 hr duration
Source: https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/OCED%20LDES%20National%20Stakeholder%20Briefing%20Presentation.pdf
41.Office of Clean Energy Demostration’s Fuzes Project
Location: Oregon, USA
Technology Provider: NextEra Energy Resources
Capacity: Unspecified, 10 hr duration
Source: https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/OCED%20LDES%20National%20Stakeholder%20Briefing%20Presentation.pdf
Iron-Sodium Batteries
42. Alliance Redwoods Conference Grounds
Location: Sonoma County
Capacity: 200kw battery paired with solar
Source: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2490278-california-bets-on-iron-salt-battery-power-to-protect-against-wildfire/
Iron-flow Batteries
Operational and Pilot Projects
43. Salt River Project (SRP) - Project New Horizon
Capacity: 5 MW / 50 MWh
Technology: ESS Inc. Energy Base (Iron Flow Battery)
Country: United States (Florence, Arizona)
Description: A pilot project for long-duration energy storage, expected to be online by December 2027.
Source 1: Salt River Project taps ESS for 50-MWh iron flow battery
https://www.utilitydive.com/news/salt-river-project-ess-iron-flow-battery/802579/
Source 2: SRP and ESS Announce New 50 MWh Long Duration Energy Storage Pilot Project
https://media.srpnet.com/srp-and-ess-announce-new-50-mwh-long-duration-energy-storage-pilot-project/
44. SB Energy Deployment (Multiple Projects)
Capacity: Up to 2 Gigawatt-hours (GWh) of storage contracted
Technology: ESS Inc. Iron Flow Battery
Country: United States (Starting with California)
Description: A long-term deal for the deployment of iron flow battery storage at solar plants and other projects through 2026.
Source: Iron Flow Battery Market Size, Forecast | Growth & Sales, 2028
https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/industry-reports/iron-flow-battery-market-101324
45. SMUD
Location: Sacramento, CA
Capacity: 3mwh pilot, scaling to 200MW
Description: Pilot is operational and expansion is planned.
Source:https://www.smud.org/Corporate/About-us/News-and-Media/2024/2024/SMUDs-$10-million-state-grant-advances-long-duration-battery-storage-technology-in-Sacramento
**Additional Technology with LOW Thermal Runaway Risk:
Sodium-Ion BESS Projects
1. Peak Energy System at SolarTAC
Location: Watkins, Colorado, USA
Details: A 3.5 MWh grid-scale sodium-ion storage system, noted as the largest of its kind in the US upon deployment. It utilizes a passively cooled design.
Status: Operational (as of September 2025).
Sources https://www.ess-news.com/2025/09/26/peak-energy-announces-operation-of-first-large-scale-sodium-ion-battery-in-us/ & https://www.heartspace.ai/news/af85a23e-b373-45b9-bf55-6848cef6d66b
2. Peak Energy Supply to Jupiter Power
Location: Texas, USA
Status: Planned for deployment between 2027 and 2030.
Details: Peak Energy will provide up to 4.75 Gigawatt-hours (GWh) of sodium-ion BESS to Texas-based energy provider Jupiter Power. The first phase includes 720 Megawatt-hours (MWh). This represents one of the largest announced contracts for SIBs globally.
Sources: https://insideevs.com/news/779015/sodium-ion-batteries-grid-scale-energy-storage/
https://www.woodmac.com/blogs/energy-pulse/sodium-ion-batteries-enter-energy-storage-market/
3. Hithium AI Data Centre ESS Portfolio (Unspecified Locations)
Status: Operational/Product Launch.
Details: Hithium has launched an AI data center ESS portfolio, which includes a 2.28 MWh sodium-ion BESS product. This indicates deployment for commercial/industrial and data center applications, which fall under the BESS umbrella.
Sources: https://www.energy-storage.news/peak-energy-phenogy-deploy-sodium-ion-bess-projects-in-us-and-europe/
(This list is not exhaustive, but includes readily available information on the internet. This list may contain minor inaccuracies, but we believe it is largely correct)
(In Operation or Planned)
When comparing to lithium-ion use MWh
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) Systems Operating:
1. Snohomish County PUD MESA 2 Project, Power: 2 MW Energy: 8 MWh
Location: Everett, Washington
Developer: UniEnergy Technologies (now part of Invinity Energy Systems)
Source: https://www.sandia.gov/ess-ssl/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/PNNL_mjp_MESA-2-Test-Report_Final.pdf
2. San Miguel Substation
Power: 2 MW
Energy: 8 MWh
Location: San Diego, California
Developer: Sumitomo Electric
Note: A demonstration project for Southern California Edison (SCE).
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium_redox_battery
3. Applied Medical Microgrid
Power: 0.75 MW
Energy: 3 MWh
Location: Santa Margarita, California
Developer: CellCube
Note: Part of a resilient microgrid system for a medical device company, providing energy shifting and backup power.
Source : https://www.cellcube.com/case-studies/medical-equipment-resilient-microgrid-in-california-us/
4. Snapping Shoals EMC VRFB System
Power / Energy: Not specified, but described as the "first vanadium redox flow battery system" in the state.
Location: Georgia, USA
Developer: Stryten Energy
Note: Installed for Snapping Shoals Electric Membership Corporation (EMC) in August 2023. This is a newly commissioned, utility-provider system.
Source: https://www.stryten.com/georgias-first-vanadium-redox-flow-battery-system/
5. Manufacturing Facility Microgrid
Power / Energy: 8 MWh (exact power capacity not specified, often around 2 MW)
Location: Illinois, USA
Developer: CellCube
Note: This is a resilient microgrid system utilizing vanadium electrolyte supplied by US Vanadium.
Source: https://www.cellcube.com/case-studies/electric-power-equipment-resilient-microgrid-in-illinois-us/
6. International Brotherhood Local 58 Headquarters
Power / Energy: 0.88 MWh (cumulative energy)
Location: Michigan, USA
Developer: Invinity Energy Systems
Note: This project involves four Invinity VS3 batteries installed alongside a solar array.
Source: https://invinity.com/solar-flow-battery-ibew-58-detroit/
7.The Viejas Project
Power/Energy: 15 MW solar + 70 MWh storage
Location: Alpine, CA
Source: Link: VIEJAS MICROGRID | Department of Energy
Notable Proposed / Under Development Systems
These larger projects demonstrate the future direction of utility-scale VRFB deployment in the US:
8. Bellville Vanadium Flow Battery Project
Power: 9.6 MW
Energy: 48 MWh (5-hour duration)
Location: Bellville, Texas, USA
Developer: TerraFlow Energy (in agreement with Storion Energy)
Note: This is a significant utility-scale project announced for development in 2025.
Source: https://terraflowenergy.com/bellville-5-hour-vanadium-flow-battery-project/
9. PNNL’s Richland Campus
Power: 24hr duration
Energy: 12.6MWh
Location: Washington
Source: PNNL and Invinity launch 24-hour vanadium flow battery project
10. Project Name: Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians Microgrid
Location: Corning, CA, USA
Capacity: 20 MWh
Status/Timeline: Planned/Supply agreement signed (Deliveries 2023-2024, Commissioning Early 2025)
Application: Solar-plus-storage microgrid for tribal community energy security.
Source: Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians Microgrid (20 MWh):
CEC Funding and Project Details: California Energy Commission funds Redflow batteries for 20 MWh microgrid project | Utility Dive
Groundbreaking Announcement: Solar Microgrid Breaks Ground in Northern California Tribal Community (from the Governor's office)
11. Project Name: Valley Children's Hospital
Location: Madera, California, USA
Capacity: 34.4 MWh
Status/Timeline: Planned/Contracted
Application: Behind-the-meter storage paired with solar to ensure critical power supply.
Source: https://www.power-eng.com/energy-storage/long-duration-energy-storage/microgrid-with-long-duration-energy-storage-to-help-power-california-childrens-hospital/
12. Project Name: Barona Band of Mission Indians
Location: California, USA
Capacity: 1.5 MW / 6.6 MWh
Status/Timeline: Planned/Grant funding approved (2024)\
Application: Grid reliability and resilience for the tribal community, funded by the California Energy Commission (CEC).
13. Project Name: Rialto Bioenergy Facility/Microgrid
Location: Southern California, USA
Capacity: 2 MWh
Status/Timeline: Operational (Installed 2022)
Application: Biowaste facility energy management and resiliency.
Source: https://www.octetsci.com/zinc-bromine/redflow-completes-california-installation/
Eos Energy Enterprises (Zinc-Powered Aqueous Electrolyte) Projects
14. Project Name: MN8 Energy Supply Agreement
Location: PJM and other US markets
Capacity: Up to 750 MWh
Status/Timeline: Planned (Supply agreement)
Application: Deployment of long-duration storage systems across MN8's energy portfolio.
Source: MN8 Energy Supply Agreement (Up to 750 MWh) & Talen Energy Collaboration: Official Press Release: MN8 Energy Signs Supply Agreement with Eos Energy to Deploy Up to 750 MWh of American-Made Long Duration Energy Storage Across Renewable Projects
15. Project Name: Talen Energy (Potential Projects)
Location: Pennsylvania, USA (Near Talen plants)
Capacity: Multiple GWh (Potential)
Status/Timeline: Planned (Framework Agreement)
Application: Long-duration storage to support rising electricity demand, potentially fueled by AI/cloud computing.
Source: https://www.energy-storage.news/zinc-battery-storage-startup-eos-to-invest-us353-million-in-manufacturing-and-hq-move-to-pennsylvania/
16. Project Name: US Naval Base, San Diego
Location: San Diego
Capacity: 1MW /8 MWh
Status/Timeline: Operational
Application: Showcasing zinc power in a high-temperature environment.
Source:Home - Eos Energy Enterprises
https://www.eose.com/#:~:text=San%20Diego%2C%20CA-,Data%20updated%3A%20December%205%2C%202022,Temperature%20zone%3A%20Hot
17. Project Name: Multi-use Site
Location: Glendale, Wisconsin, USA
Capacity: 125 kW / 500 kWh
Status/Timeline: Operational (Since 2021)
Application: Multi-use demonstration for utility/grid services.
Source:https://www.eose.com/#:~:text=The%20versatility%20of%20zinc%20on,%2D
Zinc-Bromine Flow Battery Energy Storage Projects
18. Project Name: Modesto Irrigation District (MID) EnergyFarm
Location: Central Valley, California, USA
Capacity: 25 MW / 75 MWh
Status/Timeline: Planned (Contributed to development)
Application: Grid-scale energy storage for wind firming and load balancing, displacing a natural gas plant.
Source:Technical Overview (Stanford/EPRI document): Wind Firming EnergyFarm
19. Project Name: Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Miramar
Location: San Diego, California, USA
Capacity: Not specified
Status/Timeline: Operational (Commissioned 2015)
Application: Microgrid and resilience application for a military base.
Source: https://www.energy.gov/femp/marine-corps-air-station-mcas-miramar
20. Project Name: Microsoft Data Center Testing
Location: Redmond, Washington, USA
Capacity: Not specified
Status/Timeline: Operational (Testing)
Application: Testing for peak shaving and demand charge reduction in a data center environment.
Source: https://blogs.microsoft.com/green/2016/06/16/microsoft-and-primus-power-announce-new-pilot-program-for-datacenter-energy-storage/#:~:text=It%20will%20test%20storage%20technologies,and%20usability%20of%20renewable%20energy.
21.Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base (San Diego County, CA)
Status: Proposed/Planned (Phase 1 operational by mid-2026)
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises (Znyth®)
Capacity (Initial): 6 MW / 48 MWh
Capacity (Planned/Total): 50 MW / 486 MWh
Notes: Long-Duration Energy Storage (LDES) project supported by a California Energy Commission (CEC) grant.
Source: https://www.energy.ca.gov/news/2024-12/cec-awards-42-million-grant-long-duration-energy-storage-project-camp-pendleton
22. Pacific Steel Group Microgrid (Mojave, CA)
Status: Planned (Expected commissioning 2027)
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises (Zinc Hybrid Cathode)
Capacity (Initial): 4 MW / 32 MWh
Capacity (Planned/Total): 4 MW / 32 MWh
Notes: CEC-funded project to support a new zero-carbon rebar steel mill plant's microgrid and solar PV system.
Source: Mojave Micro Mill Is First US Solar-Powered Steel Mill - CleanTechnica
https://cleantechnica.com/2025/04/12/mojave-micro-mill-is-first-us-solar-powered-steel-mill/
23. Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians Microgrid (Alpine, CA)
Status: Under Construction
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises (Zinc Hybrid Cathode)
Capacity (Initial): 50 MWh
Capacity (Planned/Total): 50 MWh (Hybrid System)
Notes: Part of a larger hybrid microgrid system (including 10 MWh of vanadium flow battery) to provide 24/7 clean power to the Viejas Casino and Resort.
Eos Energy Announces Expansion of Existing Project with Indian Energy and the California Energy Commission | Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc.
https://investors.eose.com/news-releases/news-release-details/eos-energy-announces-expansion-existing-project-indian-energy/
24 City Utilities of Springfield (Missouri)
Status: Contract Signed
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises
Capacity (Initial): 36 MW / 216 MWh
Capacity (Planned/Total): 36 MW / 216 MWh
Notes: Contract to provide zinc-based energy storage for two project sites to support resiliency.
Source: Eos Energy Signs Agreement with City Utilities of Springfield, Missouri to Provide 216 MWh of Energy Storage | Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc.
https://investors.eose.com/news-releases/news-release-details/eos-energy-signs-agreement-city-utilities-springfield-missouri/
25. Verdant Microgrid Installations (California)
Status: Deployment started Q4 2020
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises (Znyth®)
Capacity (Initial): N/A
Capacity (Planned/Total): N/A
Notes: Agreement to supply zinc batteries for microgrid installations.
Source:https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1805077/000121390020034964/ea129336ex99-1_brileyprin2.htm
26. Hecate Energy Projects (Colorado, New Mexico, Texas)
Status: Agreement/Deployment
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises
Capacity (Initial): >1 GWh
Capacity (Planned/Total): Potentially 1.5 GWh+
Notes Agreement for deployment of over 1 GWh of projects across multiple states, with a first project announced in Texas to support grid resiliency.
Source: Eos Energy Storage and Global Renewable Developer Hecate Energy to Deliver Over 1 GWh of Energy Storage Projects Across the United States Over the Next Two Years - Eos Energy Enterprises
https://www.eose.com/eos-energy-storage-and-global-renewable-developer-hecate-energy-to-deliver-over-1-gwh-of-energy-storage-projects-across-the-united-states-over-the-next-two-years/
27. EnerSmart LDES Projects (California)
Status: Contract Signed
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises
Capacity (Initial): 9 MWh (First Order)
Capacity (Planned/Total): 90 MWh to 180 MWh
Notes: Contract to provide zinc battery systems for LDES projects over two years.
Source: Eos Energy Secures $20 million order—the Largest in Company History—to Supply Long Duration Storage to California Power Grid - Eos Energy Enterprises
https://www.eose.com/eos-energy-secures-20-million-order-the-largest-in-company-history-to-supply-long-duration-storage-to-california-power-grid/
28. Utility Demonstration Project (California)
Status: Operational (End of 2021)
Technology Provider: Eos Energy Enterprises (Gen 2.3)
Capacity (Initial): 125 kW / 500 kWh
Capacity (Planned/Total): 125 kW / 500 kWh
Notes: A commercial application demonstration project funded by the CEC to showcase non-flammable, aqueous-zinc
Source: Eos Energy Storage: Utility Demonstration of Non-Flammable, Aqueous-Zinc Battery Storage | California Energy Commission
https://www.energy.ca.gov/publications/2023/eos-energy-storage-utility-demonstration-non-flammable-aqueous-zinc-battery
Iron-Air Batteries
(still in commission stage most operational 2025-26)
These links provide further information on the utility partnerships and the specifications of the multi-day storage systems.
29. Pacific gas and Electric Substation (CEC project)
Location: Mendocino County, CA
Status: to be commissioned end of 2025
Capacity: 5MW/ 500MWh
Source: https://www.utilitydive.com/news/form-energy-30m-grant-california-largest-long-duration-energy-storage/702765/
30. Multi-Day Storage
Location: Lincoln, Maine
Status: Commissioning
Capacity: 85 MW / 8,500 MWh Project (Lincoln, Maine, USA)
Source: Governor Mills, Senators Collins & King, and Congresswoman Pingree Announce Nearly $150 Million Federal Grant to Develop World's Largest Multi-Day Energy Storage Facility in Lincoln, Maine
31. Great River Energy Pilot
Location: Cambridge, Minnesota, USA
Capacity: 1.5 MW/150 MWh
Source: Great River Energy and Form Energy break ground on first-of-its-kind multi-day energy storage project
32. Xcel Energy
Location: Sherco, MN
Capacity: 10 MW / 1,000 MWh multi-day storage system
Source: Xcel taps Form Energy for long-duration battery storage systems at two retiring coal plants
33. Xcel Energy
Location: Comanche, CO
Capacity: 10 MW / 1,000 MWh multi-day storage system
Source: Xcel taps Form Energy for long-duration battery storage systems at two retiring coal plants
34. Georgia Power Pilot
Location: Georgia, CA
Capacity: 15 MW/1,500 MWh project
Source: Form Energy, Georgia Power Continue Forward With 15 Megawatt Iron-Air Battery System Agreement
35. Darbytown Power Station with Dominion Energy
Location: Darbytown, Virginia, USA
Notes: Dominion's proposed pilot project will test both Form Energy's iron-air batteries and zinc-hybrid batteries.
Source: Dominion Energy explores pioneering battery storage technologies in Virginia
36. NYSERDA Project
Location: New York, USA
Capacity: This 10 MW/1,000 MWh
Source: Form Energy awarded grant to deploy first multi-day battery system in New York
37. Northern States Power Company
Location: Minnesota, USA
Technology Provider: Northern States Power Company
Capacity: 10 MW / 1000MWhr
Source: https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/OCED%20LDES%20National%20Stakeholder%20Briefing%20Presentation.pdf
38. Northern States Power Company
Location: Colorado, USA
Technology Provider: Northern States Power Company
Capacity: 10 MW / 1000MWhr
Source: https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/OCED%20LDES%20National%20Stakeholder%20Briefing%20Presentation.pdf
Zinc Bromide Batteries
39. Office of Clean Energy Demostration’s Fuzes Project
Location: Oregon, USA
Technology Provider: NextEra Energy Resources
Capacity: Unspecified, 10 hr duration
Source: https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/OCED%20LDES%20National%20Stakeholder%20Briefing%20Presentation.pdf
40. Office of Clean Energy Demostration’s Fuzes Project
Location: Wisconsin, USA
Technology Provider: NextEra Energy Resources
Capacity: Unspecified, 10 hr duration
Source: https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/OCED%20LDES%20National%20Stakeholder%20Briefing%20Presentation.pdf
41.Office of Clean Energy Demostration’s Fuzes Project
Location: Oregon, USA
Technology Provider: NextEra Energy Resources
Capacity: Unspecified, 10 hr duration
Source: https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/OCED%20LDES%20National%20Stakeholder%20Briefing%20Presentation.pdf
Iron-Sodium Batteries
42. Alliance Redwoods Conference Grounds
Location: Sonoma County
Capacity: 200kw battery paired with solar
Source: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2490278-california-bets-on-iron-salt-battery-power-to-protect-against-wildfire/
Iron-flow Batteries
Operational and Pilot Projects
43. Salt River Project (SRP) - Project New Horizon
Capacity: 5 MW / 50 MWh
Technology: ESS Inc. Energy Base (Iron Flow Battery)
Country: United States (Florence, Arizona)
Description: A pilot project for long-duration energy storage, expected to be online by December 2027.
Source 1: Salt River Project taps ESS for 50-MWh iron flow battery
https://www.utilitydive.com/news/salt-river-project-ess-iron-flow-battery/802579/
Source 2: SRP and ESS Announce New 50 MWh Long Duration Energy Storage Pilot Project
https://media.srpnet.com/srp-and-ess-announce-new-50-mwh-long-duration-energy-storage-pilot-project/
44. SB Energy Deployment (Multiple Projects)
Capacity: Up to 2 Gigawatt-hours (GWh) of storage contracted
Technology: ESS Inc. Iron Flow Battery
Country: United States (Starting with California)
Description: A long-term deal for the deployment of iron flow battery storage at solar plants and other projects through 2026.
Source: Iron Flow Battery Market Size, Forecast | Growth & Sales, 2028
https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/industry-reports/iron-flow-battery-market-101324
45. SMUD
Location: Sacramento, CA
Capacity: 3mwh pilot, scaling to 200MW
Description: Pilot is operational and expansion is planned.
Source:https://www.smud.org/Corporate/About-us/News-and-Media/2024/2024/SMUDs-$10-million-state-grant-advances-long-duration-battery-storage-technology-in-Sacramento
**Additional Technology with LOW Thermal Runaway Risk:
Sodium-Ion BESS Projects
1. Peak Energy System at SolarTAC
Location: Watkins, Colorado, USA
Details: A 3.5 MWh grid-scale sodium-ion storage system, noted as the largest of its kind in the US upon deployment. It utilizes a passively cooled design.
Status: Operational (as of September 2025).
Sources https://www.ess-news.com/2025/09/26/peak-energy-announces-operation-of-first-large-scale-sodium-ion-battery-in-us/ & https://www.heartspace.ai/news/af85a23e-b373-45b9-bf55-6848cef6d66b
2. Peak Energy Supply to Jupiter Power
Location: Texas, USA
Status: Planned for deployment between 2027 and 2030.
Details: Peak Energy will provide up to 4.75 Gigawatt-hours (GWh) of sodium-ion BESS to Texas-based energy provider Jupiter Power. The first phase includes 720 Megawatt-hours (MWh). This represents one of the largest announced contracts for SIBs globally.
Sources: https://insideevs.com/news/779015/sodium-ion-batteries-grid-scale-energy-storage/
https://www.woodmac.com/blogs/energy-pulse/sodium-ion-batteries-enter-energy-storage-market/
3. Hithium AI Data Centre ESS Portfolio (Unspecified Locations)
Status: Operational/Product Launch.
Details: Hithium has launched an AI data center ESS portfolio, which includes a 2.28 MWh sodium-ion BESS product. This indicates deployment for commercial/industrial and data center applications, which fall under the BESS umbrella.
Sources: https://www.energy-storage.news/peak-energy-phenogy-deploy-sodium-ion-bess-projects-in-us-and-europe/
(This list is not exhaustive, but includes readily available information on the internet. This list may contain minor inaccuracies, but we believe it is largely correct)
